Johannesört: 10 potentiella hälsofördelar, dosering och biverkningar

Johannesört är vetenskapligt känd som Hypericum perforatum. Det är en blommande växt som kommer från Europa. Det har använts i folkmedicin i århundraden för att behandla många sjukdomar. Extrakten av johannesört innehåller aktiva ingredienser som hypericin och hyperforin. Växten sägs ha antiinflammatoriska, antimikrobiella, antioxidativa och cancerframkallande egenskaper. Denna örtmedicin kan hjälpa till att behandla depression, kontrollera menopausala symtom, läka sår, förbättra ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) och behandla ångestsyndrom.

I den här artikeln kommer vi att diskutera hälsofördelar, dosering och potentiella biverkningar av johannesört. Fortsätt läsa.

Vilka är fördelarna med johannesört?

1. Kan hjälpa till att behandla depression

Johannesört kan hjälpa till att behandla depression. Generellt används mediciner som antidepressiva medel för att behandla denna psykologiska fråga. Antidepressiva läkemedel har vanligtvis andra biverkningar. Johannesört sägs ha vissa aktiva ingredienser som hyperforin, adhyperforin och hypericin som kan öka nivåerna av kemiska budbärare i hjärnan (1).

En studie uppgav att deltagare som tog johannesört var mycket mindre benägna att uppleva biverkningar än de som använde antidepressiva medel (2). Dessutom minskar användning av johannesört symtomen på depression i samma utsträckning som antidepressiva medel (3).

En annan studie utförd av University of Queensland stödde användningen av johannesört vid behandling av mild depression (4). En genomgång av 29 internationella studier antyder att johannesört kan vara bättre än placebo och lika effektivt som olika receptbelagda antidepressiva medel som används för att behandla depression (5).

2. Kan kontrollera klimakteriet

Johannesört-extrakt kan användas för att lindra de psykologiska och vegetativa symtomen vid klimakteriet. Det kan förbättra livskvaliteten och värmevallningar hos kvinnor i menopausen. Ytterligare större kliniska prövningar behövs för att ytterligare förstå denna mekanism (6).

I en annan studie visade 111 kvinnor kompletterade med 900 mg johannesört dagligen i 12 veckor förbättringar av deras menopausala symptom (7). En annan studie säger att växten kan användas som en effektiv behandling för vasomotoriska symtom hos kvinnor i perimenopausal eller postmenopausal (8).

Extrakten av johannesört och deras kombination med örter har visat färre biverkningar hos kvinnor efter klimakteriet (9). Daglig behandling med johannesört var effektivare för behandling av premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) (10).

3. Kan hjälpa till vid sårläkning

Johannesört används traditionellt för att behandla sår och brännskador (11), (12). Extrakten av denna ört har också använts som ett folkmedicin för att främja hudens sårläkning (13). Johannesört resulterade också i ett snabbare inflammatoriskt svar och hjälpte till att läka diabetiska kirurgiska sår (14).

Denna örtmedicin och dess metabolit (hyperforin) visade sig hjälpa till vid behandling av inflammatoriska hudsjukdomar (15). Johannesört befanns behandla sår som ett resultat av kollagensyntes och fibroblastmigration (16).

4. Kan behandla ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Johannesört kan hjälpa till att behandla ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). En studie utförd av Regional Hospital Bozen, Bolzano, visade att johannesört visade en liten förbättring av medelvärdena för patienternas hyperaktivitets- och omogenhetsfaktorer (17).

En studie som använde johannesört-extrakt för att behandla barn och ungdomar med ADHD förbättrade inte deras symtom (18). Därför krävs mer långsiktig forskning för att ytterligare förstå denna fördel med johannesört.

5. Kan behandla ångestsyndrom

Johannesört har några fördelaktiga terapeutiska egenskaper som kan hjälpa till att behandla ångestsyndrom. Växten har antidepressiva egenskaper som används vid behandling av major depressiv sjukdom (MDD) med comorbid ångest (19). En studie utförd av Western Illinois University på möss fann att johannesört hjälpte till vid behandling av posttraumatisk stressstörning (som inkluderar ångestsyndrom) (20).

Men mer forskning är motiverad i detta avseende.

6. Kan behandla atopisk dermatit

Hyperforin, en viktig beståndsdel i johannesört, har en antiinflammatorisk effekt. Topisk applicering av johannesörtkräm kan hjälpa till vid behandling av atopisk dermatit (21).

Växtens beståndsdelar, som hyperforin och hypericin, har antioxidant-, antiinflammatoriska, anticancer- och antimikrobiella egenskaper som kan hjälpa till att behandla atopisk dermatit (22). Hypericin är också ett fotosensibiliserande medel som kan användas för selektiv behandling av icke-melanom hudcancer (22).

Mer forskning behövs i detta avseende.

7. Kan behandla störningar i Somatoform

Somatoformstörningar är psykiska störningar som manifesterar sig som fysiska skador. Inledande studier har visat att johannesört kan ha viss effekt hos patienter med somatoforma störningar (23). I en annan studie var administrering av 600 mg johannesört-extrakt dagligen effektivt vid behandling av somatoforma störningar (24).

8. Kan minska cancerrisken

Hyperforin och dess derivat (som aristoforin) är naturliga produkter från johannesört som har flera farmakologiska egenskaper. Hyperforin sägs vara ett potent anticancermedel (25). Den melatoninrika bakterieplasmlinjen i johannesört sägs ha antioxidativa egenskaper. De hjälper till att hämma cancercellstillväxt (26).

Hyperforin främjar också programmerad celldöd hos olika cancerceller och hämmar deras förmåga att migrera (27), (28). Hyperforin och dess derivat innehar en framträdande position som cancerläkemedel med låg toxisk natur och antitumöregenskaper (29). En studie uppgav att hyperforin kan inducera cancercellsdöd vid leukemi (30), (31).

9. Kan behandla trängsel i sinus

Vissa studier tyder på att johannesört kan arbeta mot bihåleinflammation och säsongsbetonad störning (SAD) (32). Johannesört har antibiotiska och antivirala egenskaper som kan hjälpa till att lindra överbelastning av slem, bihåleinflammation, influensa och bronkit. Ytterligare forskning behövs dock för att förstå denna fördel med johannesört hos människor.

10. Kan sänka blodtrycket

Johannesört har starka antiinflammatoriska och antioxidativa egenskaper, vilket kan hjälpa till att sänka blodtrycket. Vissa anekdotiska bevis tyder på att denna medicinska ört minimerar inflammation i hjärt-kärlsystemet och minskar stress på hjärtat. Men mer forskning är motiverad i detta avseende.

Otillräckliga bevis för att bedöma effektiviteten för

Johannesört har en lång historia av användning inom folkmedicin för behandling av en mängd olika sjukdomar som inkluderar inflammation, sår, bakterie- och virusinfektioner, magsår och andningsbesvär (33). Johannesört sägs ha smärtstillande och antinociceptiva egenskaper som hjälper till att hantera smärta (34). Multipel skleros (MS) är en störning i centrala nervsystemet som kännetecknas av axonal skada och inflammation. Johannesört sägs ha antiinflammatoriska egenskaper som hjälper till att behandla multipel skleros (MS) (35).

Johannesörtens starka antiinflammatoriska egenskaper gör den till en idealisk lösning för allvarliga ledvärk, gikt och muskelspasmer. Etylacetatextraktet från johannesört kunde visa antihyperglykemisk aktivitet hos diabetiska råttor (36). Djurstudier säger att johannesört har leverskyddande effekter som kan hjälpa till att behandla leverischemi hos råttor (37). Johannesört kan hjälpa till att bekämpa diabetes. Administrering av dess extrakt (125 och 250 mg / kg) inducerade en signifikant minskning av höga blodsockernivåer hos diabetiska råttor (38).

Följande är några av de påstådda fördelarna med johannesört som inte har tillräckliga bevis:

• Hjärntumör (gliom)

  Johannesört kan hjälpa till att behandla gliom genom intravenös injektion (39). Det finns dock otillräcklig information för att bevisa detta påstående.

• Herpes

Recent studies have shown that St. John’s Wort contains certain antiviral properties. This herb is believed to be helpful in the treatment of herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B, and several other serious viral conditions (40), (41).

• Smoking cessation

St. John’s Wort could attenuate nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. The plant was also used as a natural antidepressant in mice. More studies in humans are needed (42). St. John’s Wort proves to be effective in larger controlled studies. It could represent a less expensive, more readily accessible, and well-tolerated agent to promote tobacco cessation (43). However, further studies are necessary to understand the possibility of St. John’s wort in the treatment of smoking cessation in humans.

• Helps create a hormonal balance

St. John’s Wort is a widely popular treatment for hormonal imbalances. Its chemical composition is especially shown to lower the hormonal imbalances in a menopausal woman. It may reduce mood swings, the severity of the cramps, irritation, depression, and anxiety levels (44). However, further evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Other potential benefits of St. John’s Wort that lack any research include the following:

• Migraine headache

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• Skin redness and irritation (plaque psoriasis)

• Tooth pulling

• Nerve pain

• Burning mouth syndrome

• Post-operative pain

Though more research is warranted, the plant does have some benefits. In the following section, we will look at the ideal dosage of the plant.

Dosage*

For Children and young adults (>18 years)

• For ADHD – 300 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (18)
• For depression – 150-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (41)

For Adults

• For anxiety – 900 mg St. John’s Wort, twice daily for twelve weeks (45)
• For cancer – 05-0.50 mg per kg of hypericin, for two months (46)
• For mild to moderate depression – 20-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times for 4 to 52 weeks
• For severe depression – 900-1800 mg, once daily for 8 to 12 weeks (47)
• For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – 450-1800 mg, once daily for 12 weeks (48)
• For premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – 300-900 mg daily for two menstrual cycles (49)
• For smoking cessation – 300 mg, once or twice daily for three months (50)

* These values are taken only from randomized clinical trials. They are for reference only. None of them have been proven to treat any particular ailment. Consult your doctor for more information.

Though St. John’s Wort is generally safe for consumption, it also may have some side effects. We will explore them in the following section.

What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?

The uncontrolled and unprescribed dosage of St. John’s Wort may cause several side effects. These include allergic reactions, sedation, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, skin reactions, dry mouth, tiredness/restlessness, and dizziness. The majority of these reactions were generally considered to be mild, moderate, or transient (51), (52), (53).

Some research has indicated that taking certain herbal supplements, including St. John’s Wort, may increase your risk of complications if you are put under anesthesia. You should not take St. John’s Wort at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery (54).

Photosensitivity reactions affecting the skin are other serious adverse reactions associated with St. John’s Wort. Recent data suggest that photosensitivity reactions are dose-related, with increased sensitivity associated with higher doses. Extracts of St. John’s Wort are used in the treatment of depression. They contain various substances with naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin as characteristic ingredients. These compounds may lead to phototoxicity in animals and humans (55), (56).

Also, St. John’s Wort may cause liver injury, tingling, and erectile or sexual dysfunction. However, limited research is available in this regard.

Possible Drug Interactions

St. John’s Wort may react with certain drugs. Generally, most herbs interact with prescribed drugs and have the potential to influence metabolic reactions (56), (57).

In a study, drug interactions with St. John’s Wort had affected the organ systems and the central nervous system. St. John’s Wort and fluoxetine have a similar profile, and this demonstrates that herbal preparations can result in adverse drug reactions that are similar to those of prescription medications (58). In another study, St. John’s Wort interacted with cyclosporin A metabolism. The drug is involved in the careful monitoring of blood levels in a patient after liver transplantation (59).

St. John’s Wort may interact with medicines such as warfarin, phenprocoumon, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives, theophylline, digoxin, indinavir, and lamivudine (60).

Also, it may interact with other drugs. These include:

• Antibiotics, antidepressant SSRIs, and Triptans

St. John’s Wort may interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This interaction may lead to agitation, nausea, confusion, and diarrhea (56).

• Oral contraceptives

St. John’s Wort may interact with oral contraceptives. This results in breakthrough bleeding among women who are taking birth control pills along with St. John’s Wort (56).

• Immunosuppressants and blood thinners such as warfarin

Warfarin may interact with St. John’s Wort, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening (61).

• Sedatives and medications used to treat generalized anxiety disorder; drugs used to treat cancer, heart conditions, and HIV/AIDS

From one study, patients with HIV experienced an increase in HIV RNA viral load following the use of St. John’s Wort (56).

• Over-the-counter medications (for sleep, cough, and cold)

St. John’s Wort also interacts with anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, theophylline, cyclosporin, phenprocoumon, and digoxin. However, more long-term research is needed to further understand these drug interactions.

Conclusion

St. John’s Wort is an effective dietary supplement and medicinal herb for treating various nervous system related disorders. It is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties and helps to treat many ailments. It may help treat depression, control menopausal symptoms, help in wound healing, and treat anxiety disorders. However, excess and unprescribed usage of this herbal drug may lead to some adverse reactions. Hence, limit its usage and consult your health care provider in case of any medical emergencies.

Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions

How long does St. John’s Wort take to start working?

St. John’s Wort may take 3 to 6 weeks to show any effects. Do not stop taking it all at once, as you may otherwise experience side effects.

Should I take St. John’s Wort in the morning or night?

St. John’s Wort works best if taken twice a day. In the third and fourth weeks of your treatment, take 300 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening. In the fifth week, consider increasing the dose to 600 mg twice a day. Like all antidepressants, it can take four to six weeks before you feel any benefits. Consult your doctor for more information on the use and dosage.

Does St. John’s Wort make you gain weight?

No. St. John’s Wort has the potential to prevent obesity and abnormalities with lipid metabolism. It does not lead to weight gain.

Is St. John’s Wort bad for your heart?

St. John’s Wort is well known to help treat depression in heart patients, with less negative side effects on the heart than traditional antidepressants.

Can St. John’s Wort damage the liver?

Johannesört har inte kopplats till leverskada. På grund av dess många interaktioner och effekter av ört-läkemedel kan örten påverka leverfunktionen eller orsaka viss leverskada. Undvik att ta det tillsammans med levermedicin. Kontakta din läkare.

Kan du dricka alkohol med johannesört?

Du bör undvika eller begränsa användningen av alkohol när du behandlas med johannesört. Alkohol kan öka biverkningarna av johannesört i samband med nervsystemet, inklusive yrsel, dåsighet och koncentrationssvårigheter.

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